Published originally in 1987, this book outlines how different goal structures – competitive, individualistic, and cooperative – can be integrated into the same lesson, providing teachers with the knowledge and tools needed for implementing the appropriate goal structures for their classroom. Included are outlines of basic elements for structuring competitive, individualistic, and cooperative learning, integrated use of different types of learning, as well as strategies for assessment and evaluation of learning goals.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1987). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.