This report, published in Oct 2015 by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) in Washington, DC, examines the experiences of Syrian children living as refugees, drawing from results of a study conducted in the Islahiye camp in southeast Turkey, which included assessments of children’s trauma and mental health distress. Based on the findings, the authors report on educational and mental health needs of these refugee children. They also review intervention programs in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States, and offer recommendations for best practices to address the needs of this population. The authors conclude that Syrian refugee children need ongoing, targeted support in their education, in dealing with trauma and other mental health symptoms, and in attaining fluency in the language of their host country.